Z39.50

Z39.50



Glossary of Library & Information Science


Z39.50 ➨ Z39.50 is a national and international standard defining a protocol for computer-to-computer information retrieval. It is a client–server, application layer communications protocol for searching and retrieving information from a database over a TCP/IP computer network. It is covered by ANSI/NISO standard Z39.50, and ISO standard

What is called the use of computers in the functions, activities, and services in libraries?

LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS - LIS QUIZ

QUESTION




What is called the use of computers in the functions, activities, and services in libraries?





(a) Library functions



(b) Library operations



(c) Library automation



(d) Automatic library



Library and Information Science Questions and Answers - LIS Quiz



ANSWER



(c) Library automation


The use of

Library Automation

Library Automation


Glossary of Library & Information Science





LIBRARY AUTOMATION ➨ Library automation refers to the use of computer to automate the typical procedures of libraries such as cataloging and circulation.

Automation is a process of using the machinery for easily working and saving the human power and time. The main purpose of library automation is to free the librarians and

What is a computer?

LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS - LIS QUIZ

QUESTION




What is a computer?





(a) It is a manual machine



(b) It is a calculating machine



(c) It is an electronic calculating machine



(d) It is a simple machine



Library and Information Science Questions and Answers - LIS Quiz



ANSWER



(c) It is an electronic calculating machine


Computer is an electronic

Computer

Computer



Glossary of Library & Information Science



COMPUTER ➨ Computer is a device for storing, processing, and displaying information. A computer is a device that can be instructed to carry out arbitrary sequences of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. The ability of computers to follow generalized sets of operations, called programs, enables them to perform an extremely wide

Library and Information Science Articles and News in 2017

Library and Information Science Articles and News


Library and Information Science Articles and News is an initiative of Librarianship Studies & Information Technology blog to showcase the latest LIS news, articles, events, and updates for librarians, catalogers, metadata, archives, and knowledge professionals. It is an attempt to make a representative compilation of most popular news and

What are the three levels of management?

LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS - LIS QUIZ

QUESTION




What are the three levels of management? (What are the three levels of management in libraries)





(a) Top, middle, and bottom



(b) Top, middle, and lower



(c) First, second, and third



(d) Primary, secondary, and tertiary



Library and Information Science Questions and Answers - LIS Quiz



ANSWER



(b)

Management

Glossary of Library & Information Science



MANAGEMENT ➨ Management (or managing) is the administration of an organization, whether it be a business, a not-for-profit organization, or government body. Management includes the activities of setting the strategy of an organization and coordinating the efforts of its employees (or of volunteers) to accomplish its objectives through the application

What is information?

LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS - LIS QUIZ

QUESTION




What is information?


(a) Explosion of knowledge

(b) Human knowledge

(c) Process of achieving knowledge

(d) Product of different types of human activities and events



Library and Information Science Questions and Answers



ANSWER



(d) Product of different types of human activities and events



Information

Information

Glossary of Library & Information Science



INFORMATION ➨ Information is that which informs. In other words, it is the answer to a question of some kind. It is thus related to data and knowledge, as data represents values attributed to parameters, and knowledge signifies understanding of real things or abstract concepts. As it regards data, the information's existence is not necessarily

Reference service is the personal service to each reader in helping them to find the document - who gave this definition?

LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS - LIS QUIZ

QUESTION




Reference service is the personal service to each reader in helping them to find the document - who gave this definition?


(a) M. Hutchins

(b) S. R. Ranganathan

(c) Lois Shores

(d) J. H. Shera



Library and Information Science Questions and Answers



ANSWER



(b) S. R. Ranganathan



Dr. S. R. Ranganathan

Library and Information Science Videos

200 Most Fantastic Library and Information Science Videos Every Librarian Must See





Library and Information Science Videos is an initiative of Librarianship Studies & Information Technology blog to showcase the finest LIS videos for librarians, catalogers, metadata, archives, and knowledge professionals. The videos are sourced from Librarianship Studies & Information Technology

Reference Service

Glossary of Library & Information Science



REFERENCE SERVICE ➨ Ranganathan defined Reference Service as "A Personal service to each reader in helping him to find the documents answering the interest at the moment pin-pointedly, exhaustively and expeditiously.


USED FOR

Library Reference Service


DID YOU KNOW

... that Ranganathan defined Reference Service as "A Personal service to each

Who categorized information sources into conventional, neo-conventional, non-conventional, and meta-documents?

LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS - LIS QUIZ

QUESTION




Who categorized information sources into conventional, neo-conventional, non-conventional, and meta-documents?


(a) Bradford

(b) Ranganathan

(c) Hanson

(d) Grogan



Library and Information Science Questions and Answers



ANSWER



(b) Ranganathan



Dr. S. R. Ranganathan categorized/classified documentary

In which year the book Five Laws of Library Science was published?

LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS - LIS QUIZ

QUESTION




In which year the book Five Laws of Library Science was published?


(a) 1928

(b) 1931

(c) 1932

(d) 1933



Library and Information Science Questions and Answers



ANSWER



(b) 1931



Five laws were first published in Ranganathan's classic book entitled Five Laws of Library Science in 1931.





SEE ALSO

What is FRBR?

LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS - LIS QUIZ


QUESTION



What is FRBR?



(a) A content designation tool



(b) A data model



(c) A cataloging code or standard



(d) All of above



(e) None of above





Library and Information Science Questions and Answers







ANSWER




(e) None of above



FRBR is neither A Content Designation Tool, neither A Data Model nor a

Library and Information Science - Did You Know?

DID YOU KNOW IN LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE?


Important information and facts to remember covering all the areas of Library and Information Science, Librarianship Studies and Information Technology related to libraries and library management. This collection of pieces of information in LIS will act not only as a ready reference knowledge bank on Library and Information Science but also be

Five Laws of Library Science

Five Laws of Library Science





Glossary of Library & Information Science

FIVE LAWS OF LIBRARY SCIENCE ➨ The 5 Laws of Library Science is a theory proposed by S. R. Ranganathan in 1931, detailing the principles of operating a library system. Five laws of library science are called the set of norms, percepts, and guides to good practice in librarianship. Many librarians worldwide accept them

What is referred to raw data when they are processed and converted into meaningful form?

LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS - LIS QUIZ

QUESTION




What is referred to raw data when they are processed and converted into meaningful form?


(a) Knowledge

(b) Information

(c) Processed data

(d) Organized data



Library and Information Science Questions and Answers



ANSWER



(b) Information



When raw data are processed and converted into meaningful form

Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records

Glossary of Library & Information Science

FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORDS ➨ Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR /ˈfɜːrbər/) is a conceptual entity-relationship model developed by the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) that relates user tasks of retrieval and access in online library catalogs and bibliographic

What does the acronym FRBR stand for?

LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS - LIS QUIZ

QUESTION




What does the acronym FRBR stand for?



(a) Functional Requirements for Better Records





(b) Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records







(c) Functional Records for Big Research Libraries







Library and Information Science Questions and Answers







ANSWER




(b) Functional Requirements for

Library and Information Science Questions and Answers

LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS - LIS QUIZ


Questions covering all the areas of Library and Information Science, Librarianship Studies and Information Technology related to libraries and library management. Whether you are studying, doing research, or a working professional, this is the place for you to develop a sound knowledge of Library and Information Science. For

PRECIS (Preserved Context Index System)

PRECIS (Preserved Context Index System)




Glossary of Library & Information Science

PRECIS (PRESERVED CONTEXT INDEX SYSTEM) ➨ PRECIS is an acronym for PREserved Context Index System or PREserved Context Indexing System. PRECIS is a computer assisted pre-coordinate subject indexing system developed by Derek Austin in 1968 as a result of long research which the Classification Research Group (

What are the Benefits of RDA?

RDA: Resource Description & Access

WHY IS RDA NEEDED? / WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF RDA: RESOURCE DESCRIPTION AND ACCESS?



RDA builds on the strengths of AACR2 but has some new features that make it more useful for description as a cataloging code for the digital environment in which libraries now operate.

RDA is better at catering for digital resources and for resources with multiple

Information Management

Glossary of Library & Information Science

INFORMATION MANAGEMENT ➨ Information management (IM) concerns a cycle of organizational activity: the acquisition of information from one or more sources, the custodianship and the distribution of that information to those who need it, and its ultimate disposition through archiving or deletion.

This cycle of organisational involvement with

Knowledge Management

Knowledge Management










Glossary of Library & Information Science

KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT ➨ Knowledge management (KM) is the process of creating, sharing, using and managing the knowledge and information of an organisation. It refers to a multidisciplinary approach to achieving organisational objectives by making the best use of knowledge.

An established discipline since 1991, KM includes

Library Management

Library Management




Glossary of Library & Information Science

LIBRARY MANAGEMENT ➨ Library management is a sub-discipline of institutional management that focuses on specific issues faced by libraries and library management professionals. Library management encompasses normal managerial tasks, as well as intellectual freedom and fundraising responsibilities. Issues faced in library

Library and Information Science

Library and Information Science










Glossary of Library & Information Science

LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE ➨ Library and information science (LIS) (sometimes given as the plural library and information sciences) or as "library and information studies" is a merging of library science and information science. The joint term is associated with schools of library and information science

Information Science

Information Science










Glossary of Library & Information Science

INFORMATION SCIENCE ➨ Information science is an interdisciplinary field primarily concerned with the analysis, collection, classification, manipulation, storage, retrieval, movement, dissemination, and protection of information. Practitioners within and outside of the field study application and usage of knowledge in

Library Science

Library Science




Glossary of Library & Information Science

LIBRARY SCIENCE ➨ A Library science (often termed library studies, library and information science, bibliothecography, library economy) is an interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary field that applies the practices, perspectives, and tools of management, information technology, education, and other areas to libraries; the collection,

Library

Library




Glossary of Library & Information Science

LIBRARY ➨ A library is a collection of sources of information and similar resources, made accessible to a defined community for reference or borrowing. It provides physical or digital access to material, and may be a physical building or room, or a virtual space, or both. A library's collection can include books, periodicals, newspapers,

Why RDA after AACR2 (not AACR3)

RDA: Resource Description and Access

WHY IT WAS NECESSARY TO ISSUE A BRAND NEW CATALOGING STANDARD? WHY RDA: RESOURCE DESCRIPTION AND ACCESS AFTER AACR2: ANGLO-AMERICAN CATALOGUING RULES (NOT AACR3)?



AACR2 was first published in 1978. Although it has been updated many times, it is largely designed for an environment dominated by the card catalog. The International Conference on the

Stub

A stub is an article that, although providing some useful information, is too short to provide encyclopedic coverage of a subject, and that is capable of expansion.

Stub articles will be expanded to achieve the level of proper encyclopedia articles.



List of Stub Articles in Librarianship Studies & Information Technology


Computer
Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records

Resource Description and Access

RDA: Resource Description & Access




Glossary of Library & Information Science



RESOURCE DESCRIPTION AND ACCESS (RDA) ➨ RDA stands for “Resource Description and Access” and is the title of the standard, that is the successor to AACR2. Resource Description and Access (RDA) is a standard for descriptive cataloging providing instructions and guidelines on formulating bibliographic data.

POPSI (Postulate-Based Permuted Subject Indexing)

Glossary of Library & Information Science

POPSI (POSTULATE-BASED PERMUTED SUBJECT INDEXING) ➨ The inherent weakness of chain indexing has been its dependence on a scheme of classification. Another weakness was its disappearing chain. In view of this situation, the information scientists at the Documentation Research and Training Centre (DRTC), Banglore, directed themselves from these

Chain Indexing

Glossary of Library & Information Science

CHAIN INDEXING ➨ Chain Indexing or Chain Procedure is a mechanical method to derive subject index entries or subject headings from the class number of the document. It was developed by Dr. S.R. Ranganathan. He first mentioned this in his book “Theory of Library Catalogue” in 1938.


In Chain Procedure, the indexer or cataloguer is supposed to

Pre-Coordinate Indexing Systems

PRE-COORDINATE SUBJECT INDEXING SYSTEMS




Nowadays most of the documents deal with complex and compound subjects, each comprising a number of components or concepts. The coordination of these component terms is either done at the input stage or at the output stage. The index in which the coordination of components (index terms) is done at the input stage, is known as a pre-coordinate index

Vocabulary Control

VOCABULARY CONTROL


The term ‘vocabulary control’ refers to a limited set of terms that must be used to index documents, and to search for these documents, in a particular system. It may be defined as a list of terms showing their relationships and used to represent the specific subject of the document.


An information system may help the user by explicitly assigning index terms (that is,

Problems of Natural Language in Indexing

PROBLEMS OF NATURAL LANGUAGE IN INDEXING



Derived indexing is based on the natural language of the documents which proves to be problematic sometimes in the Subject Indexing Process. These problems prompted to move towards the use of Assigned indexing. These problems can be categorized under two heads:

Problems inherent in the language
Problems pertaining to relationships




Contents

Indexing Languages

INDEXING LANGUAGES



A system for naming subjects in the way that we have described is called an indexing language, and, like any other language, it will consist of two parts: vocabulary and syntax.



Indexing language is a set of items (vocabulary) and devices for handling the relationships between them in a system for providing index descriptions. Indexing language is also referred to as

Citation Indexing

CITATION INDEXING


Citation index is an ordered list of cited articles along with a list of citing articles. The cited article is identified as the reference and the citing article as the source. The index is prepared utilising the association of ideas existing between the cited and the citing articles, as the fact is that whenever a recent paper cites a previous paper there always exists a

Key-Term Alphabetical (KEYTALPHA)

KEY-TERM ALPHABETICAL (KEYTALPHA)





In the Key-Term Alphabetical index, keywords are arranged side by side without forming a sentence. Entries are prepared containing only keywords and location excluding the context.



Example: Computerisation of libraries in India

The Keytalpha index entries are:

COMPUTERISATION, INDIAN, LIBRARIES 1289

INDIA, LIBRARIES, COMPUTERISATION 1289

Keyword Augmented in Context (KWAC)

KEYWORD AUGMENTED IN CONTEXT (KWAC)



The acronym KWAC also stands for Keyword and Context. The KWAC system provides for the enrichment of the keywords of the title with additional significant words taken either from the abstract f the document or its contents. Since titles do not always represent the contents of a document fully, the enrichment minimizes this limitation. The problem of

Keyword Out of Context (KWOC)

KEYWORD OUT OF CONTEXT (KWOC)



In KWOC system, keyword or the access point is shifted to the extreme left at its normal place in the beginning of the line. It is followed by the complete title to provide complete context. The keyword and the context are written either in the same line or in two successive lines. Both the formats are displayed below.

Example-Title: Computerisation of

Keyword in Context (KWIC) Indexing

KEYWORD IN CONTEXT (KWIC) INDEXING


Keyword in Context Indexing system is based on the principle that the title of the document represents its contents. It is believed that the title of the document is one line abstract of the document. The significant words in the title indicate the subject of the document. a KWIC index makes an entry under each significant word in the title, along with the

Title-Based Indexing

TITLE BASED INDEXING



There is one part of a document in which authors themselves usually try to define the subject: the title. The title in itself is a one line summary of a document and this serve as an index point, hence, title indexes came into force. This is very simple as the important terms representing the subject of the document are selected and rotated to prepare entries from the

Index

INDEX




Contents





What is an index?


What are the most trusted definitions of an index?









Index


The term ‘index’ has been derived from the Latin word ‘indicare’ which means to indicate or to point out. Here it refers to guide to a particular concept in a document.

Index is a systematic guide of items contained in a document or concepts derived from it.

Assigned Indexing

Glossary of Library & Information Science





ASSIGNED INDEXING

If the terms are selected from the title or the text of a document and used without any alteration as index terms, then this is referred to as natural language indexing or derived indexing. If however, the selected terms are translated or encoded into authorized terms by the help of a prescribed list, then the indexing language